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High-End Special Steel (also referred to as high-performance special steel, advanced alloy steel, or premium/specialty steel) encompasses steels designed for extreme conditions and critical applications. These steels feature exceptional properties like ultra-high strength, superior fatigue resistance, high purity, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance, achieved through advanced metallurgy (e.g., vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting, precise alloying, and heat treatments).
Bearing Steel
Typical Grades: AISI 52100 (equivalent to GCr15/SUJ2/100Cr6).
Chemical Composition (52100 example): C 0.98–1.10%, Cr 1.30–1.60%, Mn 0.25–0.45%, Si 0.15–0.35%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
Properties: High hardness (HRC 58–65 after quenching and tempering), excellent contact fatigue life (>10^7 cycles), very high purity with minimal non-metallic inclusions.
Forms/Specifications: Bars (φ5–300mm), tubes, forgings.
Uses: Rolling bearings in automotive wheel hubs, wind turbine main bearings, high-speed rail, precision instruments, and high-stress rotating components.
Gear Steel
Typical Grades: 18CrNiMo7-6, SAE 8620H, 20CrMnTiH, SCM415/SCM420.
Chemical Composition (example for carburizing grades): C 0.17–0.23%, Cr 1.00–1.30%, Mn 0.80–1.10%, Ni/Mo additions for core toughness.
Properties: Surface hardness HRC 58–62 after carburizing, excellent core toughness, high fatigue and impact resistance.
Forms/Specifications: Hot-rolled or forged bars (φ20–200mm).
Uses: Automotive transmissions, differential gears, heavy-duty engineering machinery gears, wind turbine gearboxes.
Electrical Steel (Silicon Steel)
Types: Grain-oriented (CRGO, e.g., Hi-B grades like 30Q120) and non-grain-oriented (CRNGO, e.g., 50W400).
Key Properties: Low core loss (P1.5/50 ≤1.2 W/kg for premium grades), high magnetic induction (B8 ≥1.8 T), fine magnetic domain control.
Forms/Specifications: Cold-rolled sheets (0.23–0.50 mm thick, width 800–1200 mm).
Uses: Transformer cores (CRGO for efficient power transmission), motor/generator rotors and stators (CRNGO), electric vehicle drive motors.
Ultra-High Strength Steel (UHSS / Advanced High-Strength Steel - AHSS)
Types: Dual-phase (DP), martensitic (MS), complex phase (CP), TRIP steels.
Strength Ranges: Yield strength 550–1500+ MPa, tensile strength 780–2000+ MPa (e.g., DP980: ≥980 MPa tensile; MS1500: ≥1500 MPa tensile).
Properties: High strength-to-weight ratio, good formability in select grades, excellent crash energy absorption.
Forms/Specifications: Cold-rolled sheets/coils (typically 0.5–3 mm thick).
Uses: Automotive lightweighting (body structures, A/B-pillars, crash zones for 15–30% weight reduction), high-safety component.
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