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Low-Carbon Steel (also known as mild steel or plain carbon steel) has a carbon content typically ≤0.25% (often 0.05–0.25%), making it soft, highly ductile, easily weldable, formable, and cost-effective, though with moderate strength.
Common Low-Carbon Grades
Typical Grades: ASTM A36, SAE/AISI 1008/1010/1018/1020, EN S235JR/S275JR.
Chemical Composition (A36 example): C ≤0.26%, Mn 0.60–1.20%, P ≤0.04%, S ≤0.05%; silicon and other elements in trace amounts.
Properties: Yield strength 235–250 MPa (e.g., A36/S235), tensile strength 400–550 MPa, elongation ≥20–26%, excellent ductility and weldability.
Forms/Specifications: Hot-rolled plates/sheets (0.5–25 mm+), bars, tubes, structural shapes, coils.
Uses: General construction (buildings, bridges, beams, footbridges), machinery frames, automotive non-structural panels, pipes, fasteners, wire products, railings, and everyday structural applications.
Ultra-Low Carbon Grades
Typical Grades: AISI 1005/1006/1008/1010.
Carbon Content: 0.05–0.13%.
Properties: Extremely high ductility, superior deep-drawing and cold-forming capability.
Uses: Deep-drawn parts (automotive body panels, appliance housings), wire rods, thin sheets for stamping.
Low-carbon steel is versatile for fabrication-heavy industries due to its ease of machining, welding, and forming. It follows standards like ASTM, SAE, EN, and GB/T.
Low-Carbon Green Steel (an eco-focused variant) builds on low-carbon steel with reduced environmental impact.
Key Specifications: CO₂ emissions often <1.0–1.4 t CO₂e per tonne (vs. >2 t/t for traditional routes), high recycled content (30–90%), certified via EPD (Environmental Product Declaration per ISO 14025/LCA), ResponsibleSteel, or similar.
Production: Primarily electric arc furnace (EAF) with scrap, hydrogen-reduced DRI, or optimized processes.
Uses: Sustainable/green-certified construction (LEED/EU taxonomy projects), low-emission automotive parts, renewable energy infrastructure (wind/solar supports), pipelines, and exports compliant with carbon regulations (e.g., EU CBAM).
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